CIP System

The manufacturing of nitric acid for use in fertilizers, plastics, dyes, textiles, and other industrial products, has evolved to three industry-standard processes. They all produce acid with 60-68% concentration, and each uses essentially the same nitric acid plant design. The choice between medium- and high-pressure mono and dual-pressure production process often comes down to financial considerations and owner priorities. Nitric Acid Production Technology While nitric acid plant technology has made production more efficient and environmental controls more effective, the process remains the same: Ammonia combustion in the presence of hot air and a platinum/rhodium catalyst creates nitric oxide (NO). Oxidation of the NO creates nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The NO is cooled and compressed as it travels to the absorption tower. The cooling process creates nitrogen dioxide and produces heat, which is recycled for use in other plant operations. Absorption of the NO2 in water

Older chemical processing plants often have a lot more to give. They may be decommissioned for a variety of reasons, and relocating the equipment to overcome those circumstances could prove economical for companies looking to save money. Moving chemical and processing plants across regions, or even oceans can provide several major benefits including: Proximity to greater demand Access to cheaper workforces or raw materials Expanded operations Escape from stringent industrial regulations Money savings compared to purchasing new equipment Time savings on engineering, specifications, production design, and documentation While the cost of purchasing an existing plant, dismantling and refurbishing the equipment, shipping it to a new location, and reassembling can seem like an impossible task, in many cases it can be significantly lower than purchasing new components and building a brand new plant. Once the decision to relocate has been made, extensive, detailed

Manufacturers use synthesis gas, or “syngas” for fuel to produce electricity and as feedstock for production of industrial chemicals such as ammonia, methanol, and other hydrogen-rich compounds. Once isolated and purified, hydrogen from syngas is a major component in petrochemicals and oil refining. Syngas itself is a mixture primarily of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, created through the gasification of hydrocarbons in natural gas, coal, petroleum, biomass, and other feedstocks. Virtually all the hydrogen produced in the United States is produced from methane. And the cheapest, most available source of methane is natural gas. Steam Methane Reforming Steam methane reforming (SMR) accounts for about 95 percent of the industrial hydrogen produced domestically and about half the world’s production. The process begins with the introduction of superheated (1,300 to 1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) steam and natural gas into an array of vertically hanging tubes filled